I.Introduction

A.Incentive to Innovate
B.The special case of pharmaceuticals
C.The special case of the research tool

II.The experimental use exemption in U.S. law

A.Common law exemption
B.Statutory exemption

III.The experimental use exemption in Japanese law114

IV.The experimental use exemption in U.K. law

V.The experimental use exemption in German law

VI.A comparative analysis of the experimental use exemptions

VII.The impact of experimental use exemption on R&D

VIII.Conclusion