I.INTRODUCTION

II.REJECTION OF A EUROPEAN "WORKING" CONCEPT

A.European Evolution of a "Working" Requirement
B.Continental Paper Bag Repudiation of German "Working"

III.TRIPS LIMITATIONS ON COMPULSORY LICENSES

A.The Decade-Long Evolution of TRIPS: 1984 to 1994
B.The Right to a "Working" License
C.Paris Proscriptions on Compulsory Licenses
D.Grounds for a Compulsory License Beyond Non-Working

IV.THE CHARMING BETSY IMPACT ON AMERICAN LAW

V.DEFINING THE CONTOURS OF TRIPS EXCLUSIVITY

VI.RESOLUTION HERE - OR VIA THE WTO IN GENEVA