I.INTRODUCTION

A.The "Fair Use" Common Law Research Exemption14
B.The Plain Language of 35 U.S.C. 271(e)(1)

II.Merck KGaA, Integra Lifesciences, and RGD Peptides

A.Integra Wins over the Jury After Consideration of the Common Law and Statutory Research Exemption
B.The Federal Circuit Splits over 271(e)(1)
C.Scalia's Textualist Merck Opinion

III.A Realist Approach to Merck and the Statutory Exemption

A.The Positivists Have It
B.Legal Realism and the Future of the Research Exemption
C.The Research Exemption Aligns with Economic Realities in the Pharmaceutical Industry

IV.Conclusion