Working Papers

2010

2010-061 An Empirical Analysis of Patent Litigation in the Semiconductor Industry
Bronwyn H. Hall, Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley
Rosemarie Ziedonis, Lundquist College of Business, University of Oregon

2010-060 Patent Quality and Settlement Among Repeat Patent Litigants (coauthored with Mark Lemley and Joshua Walker)
John Allison, University of Texas at Austin, McCombs School of Business

2010-059 Knowledge Spillovers and Patent Litigation
John L. Turner, Department of Economics, Terry College of Business, University of Georgia

2010-058 Do Economic Downturns Dampen Patent Litigation?
Ted M. Sichelman, Unviersity of San Diego School of Law

2010-057 Legal Scholarship and the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit: An Empirical Study of a National Court
David L. Schwartz, Chicago-Kent Law School
Lee Petherbridge, Loyola Law School, Los Angeles

2010-056 Do Applicant Patent Citations Matter? Implications for the Presumption of Validity (co-authored with Mark Lemley and Bhaven Sampat)
Christopher A. Cotropia, University of Richmond School of Law

2010-055 The Impact of General and Patent-Specific Judicial Experience On the Efficiency and Accuracy of Patent Adjudication (coauthored with Jay Kesan)
Gwendolyn G. Ball, Bradley University

2010-054 A Model of Judicial Influence on Congressional Policymaking: Grove City College v. Bell
Brian Marks, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Government & Politics John F. Welch College of Business, Department of Business Economics & Finance, Sacred Heart University

2010-053 Why Judges Dissent
Lee Epstein, Northwestern University School of Law
William M. Landes, University of Chicago Law School
Hon. Richard A. Posner, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit and University of Chicago Law School

2010-052 Going Procedural: Conflict Avoidance in the Federal Courts of Appeal
Shelley Murphy, Northwestern University School of Law

2010-051 Judicial Review and Democratic Failure
Matthew C. Stephenson, Harvard Law School

2010-050 What's Age Got To Do With It? Supreme Court Appointees and the Long Run Location of the Supreme Court Median Justice
Jonathan N. Katz, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology
Matthew Spitzer, University of Texas School of Law

2010-049 Understanding Voting Behavior in Circuit Court Panels
Joshua Fischman, University of Virginia School of Law

2010-048 A Positive Political Theory of the Reformation of Administrative Law
Daniel Rodriguez, The University of Texas School of Law
Barry Weingast, Department of Political Science, Stanford University

2010-047 Vetogates
William Eskridge, Jr., Yale Law School

2010-046 Modeling Collegial Courts (3): Adjudication Equilibria (coauthored with Lewis Kornhauser)
Charles Cameron, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University

2010-045 Strategic Judicial Preference Revelation
Tonja Jacobi, Northwestern University School of Law
Alvaro Bustos, Northwestern University School of Law and Kellogg School of Management

2010-044 Product Differentiation Through Exclusivity (coauthored with Ben Hermalin)
Michael L. Katz, Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley

2010-043 Predatory Pricing
Aaron S. Edlin, Department of Economics, University of California at Berkeley

2010-042 The Economics of Predation: What Drives Behavior When There is Learning-by-Doing (coauthored with Ulrich Doraszelski and Yaroslav Kryukuv)
David Besanko, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

2010-041 Merger Policy with Merger Choice (coauthored with Michael Whinston)
Volker Nocke, University of Mannheim, Department of Economics

2010-040 Vertical Integration, Innovation, and Foreclosure (coauthored with Marie-Laure Allain and Claire Chambolle)
Patrick Rey, Toulouse School of Economics

2010-039 Legal and Economic Definitions of Collusion: A Comparison of American Antitrust versus European Competition Law
Fred S. McChesney, Northwestern University School of Law

2010-038 The Impact of a Corporate Leniency Program on Antitrust Enforcement and Cartelization
Joseph E. Harrington, Department of Economics, Johns Hopkins University

2010-037 The Transition to Entrepreneurship: Human Capital, Wealth and the Role of Liquidity Constraints
Camilo Mondrag ón-Vélez, International Finance Corporation

2010-036 Bankruptcy Reform Act of 2005 and Entrepreneurial Activity
Yongwook Paik, University of Southern California

2010-035 Covenant Protections and Financial Contract Design: Evidence from Venture Capital Contracts
Ola Bengtsson, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

2010-034 Venture Capital: Performance, Persistence, and Reputation
Richard Smith, University of California, Riverside (coauthored with Roberto Pedace, Scripps College and Vijay Sathe, Claremont Graduate University)

2010-033 Banks versus Venture Capital: A Role for Nonmonetary Returns
Eren Inci, Sabanci University – FASS (coauthored with Mehmet Barlo, Sabanci University - FASS)

2010-032 Staged Investments in Entrepreneurial Financing
Korok Ray, Georgetown University

2010-031 Competing for Ideas: Matching and Contracting in the Venture Capital Market
Veikko Thiele, Queen’s University
Jose M. Plehn-Dujowich, Temple University (coauthored with Konstantinos Serfes, Drexel University)

2010-030 Entrepreneurial Optimism, Credit Availability, and Cost of Financing: Evidence from U.S. Small Businesses
Na Dai, SUNY at Albany
Vladimir Ivanov, U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission

2010-029 On the Real Effects of Private Equity Investment: Evidence from New Business Creation (co-authored by Peter Roosenbloom, Department of Finance, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University)
Alexander Popov, European Central Bank, Financial Research Division (coauthored with Peter Roosenbloom, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University)

2010-028 Consensual Spin-offs
Simon Parker, University of Western Ontario
Mark Sanders, Utrecht University and Max Planck Institute of Economics

2010-027 University Spin-offs vs. other NTBFs: Productivity Differences at the Outset and Evolution
Pedro Ort ín-Ángel, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Ferran Vendrell-Herrero, Basque Institute of Competitiveness

2010-026 Financing Risk and Bubbles of Innovation
Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, Harvard Business School

2010-025 The Impact of the Financial Crisis on New Firm Creation (co-authored with Inessa Love)
Leora Klapper, The World Bank

2010-024 The Bayh-Dole Act and Scientist Entrepreneurship at Universities (co-authored with Taylor Aldridge)
David B. Audretsch, Indiana University and Max Planck Institute of Economics

2010-023 Public Policy and Business Creation in the United States (co-authored with Dan Li, York University)
Douglas Cumming, York University - Schulich School of Business

2010-022 Position Auctions with Consumer Search -and- A Structural Model of Sponsored Search Advertising Auctions
Susan Athey, Department of Economics, Harvard University

2010-021 Search, Design and Market Structure (with Guillermo Caruana and Vicente Cunat Martinez)
Heski Bar-Isaac, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University

2010-020 Estimating Demand for Hotels by Mining User-Generated and Crowd-Sourced Content on the Internet (abstract)
Anindya Ghose, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University

2010-019 Horizontal Mergers of Online Firms: Structural Estimation and Competitive Effects
Michael Baye, Kelley School of Business, Indiana University

2010-018 Towards a Bill of Rights for Online Advertisers
Ben Edelman, Harvard Business School

2010-017 Competing Ad Auctions: Multi-Homing and Participation Costs (with Itai Ashlagi and Hoan Soo Lee)
Ben Edelman, Harvard Business School

2010-016 Evidence of a Modest Price Decline in US Broadband Services
Shane Greenstein, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

2010-015 Search Engine Advertising: Pricing Ads to Context
Avi Goldfarb, Joseph L. Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto

2010-014 Solving the Circular Conundrum: Communication and Coordination in Two-Sided Markets
Daniel F. Spulber, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

2010-013 Regulation of Digital Businesses with Natural Monopolies Or Third Party Payment Business Models: Antitrust Lessons from the Analysis of Google
Eric Clemons, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania
Nehal Madhani, Kirkland & Ellis, LLP

2010-012 Online Advertising, Identity and Privacy
Randal C. Picker, University of Chicago Law School

2010-011 The Five Levels of CSR Compliance: The Resiliency of Corporate Liability under the Alien Tort Statute and the Case for a Counterattack Strategy in Compliance Theory
David Scheffer, Center for International Human Rights, Northwestern University School of Law
Caroline Kaeb, Northwestern University School of Law

2010-010 The Political Economy of Customary International Law and the Alien Tort Claims Statute
John O. McGinnis, Northwestern University School of Law
Ilya Somin, George Mason University School of Law

2010-009 Desperately Seeking Political Cover: The Partisan Logic of Alien Tort Statute Litigation
Jide Nzelibe, Northwestern University School of Law

2010-008 Three Obstacles to the Promotion of Corporate Social Responsibility by Means of the Alien Tort Claims Act: The Sosa Court's Incoherent Conception of the Law of Nations, the "Purposive" Action Requirement for Aiding and Abetting, and the State Action Requirement for Primary Liability
Michael Barsa, Northwestern University School of Law
David A. Dana, Northwestern University School of Law

2010-007 The ATS and TVPA in Comparative Perspective
Anthea Roberts, London School of Economics, Law Department

2010-006 The Constitutional Underpinnings of Sosa’s Caution: Article I Limits on ATS Litigation
Eugene Kontorovich, Northwestern University School of Law

2010-005 Back To The Future: Discovery Cost Allocation and Modern Procedural Theory (coauthored with Colleen McNamara)
Martin H. Redish, Northwestern University School of Law

2010-004 Dropping the Spear: The Case for Enhanced Summary Judgment Prior to Class Certification
Linda S. Mullenix, University of Texas at Austin School of Law

2010-003 An Economic Analysis of Preclusion, Vacatur, and Limitations on Settlement in Intellectual Property Litigation
Bruce Kobayashi, George Mason University School of Law

2010-002 Conley as a Special Case of Twombly and Iqbal: Exploring the Intersection of Evidence and Procedure and the Nature of Rules
Ronald J. Allen, Northwestern University School of Law

2010-001 Offer-of-Judgment Rules and Civil Litigation: An Empirical Analysis of Medical Malpractice Cases
Joanna Shepherd, Emory University School of Law

2009

2009-055 Doctrinal Displacement at the Federal Court
David Schawartz, Chicago-Kent Law School

2009-054 District Court Citations to Patent Precedent: An Empirical Study of Institutional Authority and IP Ideology
Emerson H. Tiller, Northwestern University School of Law
Dave Pekarek-Krohn, Northwestern University School of Law

2009-053 Daubert Challenges in Patent Litigation
David A. Dana, Northwestern University School of Law

2009-052 Litigation of Internet Business Method Patents: An Empirical Analysis
John Allison, University of Texas at Austin, McCombs School of Business
Tristan Bligh, Northwestern University School of Law
Emerson H. Tiller, Northwestern University School of Law
Samantha Zyontz, Northwestern University School of Law

2009-051 Defensive Patenting
Colleen V. Chien, Santa Clara University School of Law

2009-050 Extreme Value or Trolls on Top? The Characteristics of the Most-Litigated Patents
John Allison, University of Texas at Austin, McCombs School of Business

2009-049 "The Limits of Antitrust" and the Chicago School Tradition
George Priest, Yale Law School

2009-048 Easterbrook on Errors
Fred S. McChesney, Northwestern University School of Law

2009-047 The Limits of Antitrust in the New Economy
Joshua D. Wright, George Mason University School of Law
Geoffrey A. Manne, Lewis & Clark Law School and ICLE

2009-046 The Limits To Simplifying the Application of Current U.S. Antitrust Law
Richard S. Markovits, University of Texas at Austin, School of Law

2009-045 Microsoft and the Limits of Antitrust
William H. Page, University of Florida, Levin College of Law

2009-044 Judicial Ideology and the Transformation of Voting Rights Jurisprudence
Thomas J. Miles, University of Chicago Law School
Adam B. Cox, University of Chicago Law School

2009-043 Why (and When) Judges Dissent: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis
Lee Epstein, Northwestern University School of Law;
William M. Landes, University of Chicago Law School
Hon. Richard A. Posner, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

2009-042 The (Relative) Unimportance Of Case Law
Tracey George, Vanderbilt University School of Law
Mitu Gulati, Duke Law
Ann C. McGinley, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William S. Boyd School of Law

2009-041 Party Polarization and Congressional Committee Consideration of Constitutional Questions
Neal Devins, William & Mary Law School

2009-040 Electoral Timing & Selective Participation: Implications For Public Policy
Jacob Gersen, University of Chicago Law School
Christopher R. Berry, University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy

2009-039 The Partisan Politics of Domestic Support and Opposition to International Law
Jide Nzelibe, Northwestern University School of Law

2009-038 The Economics of “Radiator Springs:” Industry Dynamics, Sunk Costs, and Spatial Demand Shifts
Thomas Hubbard, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

2009-037 Not Good Enough for Government Work: Geographic Market Definition and The FTC’s Case Against Chicagoland Physician Associations
Fred S. McChesney, Northwestern University School of Law

2009-036 Insurance, Consumer Choice, and the Equilibrium Price and Quality of Hospital Care
Michael Katz, New York University Stern School of Business and UC Berkeley

2009-035 The CC’s margin-concentration analysis in the UK Groceries Inquiry
Jerry Hausman, MIT, Department of Economics

2009-034 Competition Policy and Financial Distress
Ezra Friedman, Northwestern University School of Law
Marco Ottaviani, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

2009-033 Dynamic Merger Review
Michael Whinston, Department of Economics, Northwestern University

2009-032 Is Antitrust Too Complicated for Generalist Judges? The Impact of Complexity & Judicial Training on Appeals
Michael R. Baye, Kelley School of Business, Indiana University

2009-031 Toward a Test for Price Fixing - Social Objective, Detection, and Sanctions
Louis Kaplow, Harvard Law School

2009-030 Competition Policy and Property Rights
John Vickers, All Souls College, Oxford University

2009-029 Intrapreneurship or Entrepreneurship?
Simon C. Parker, University of Western Ontario

2009-028 Serial Entrepreneurs and Venture Performance: Evidence from U. S. Venture-Capital-Financed Semiconductor Firms
Yongwook Paik, University of California at Berkeley

2009-027 Incentives versus Synergies in Markets for Talent
Alexander Galetovic, Universidad de los Andes (co-authored by Bharat N. Anand, Harvard Business School, and Alvaro Stein, Decapack)

2009-026 Incentives and Innovation: A Multi-tasking Approach
Veikko Thiele, Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia

2009-025 The Impact of Innovation and Information Risk on Endogenous Growth
Jose M. Plehn-Dujowich, Fox School of Business, Temple University

2009-024 Reputation Capital, Financial Capital, and Transition to Entrepreneurship in Knowledge-Based Industries
Frédéric Loss, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers
Antoine Renucci, Université Paris-Dauphine

2009-023 The Impact of Personal Bankruptcy Law on Entrepreneurship
Ye (George) Jia, University of Western Ontario

2009-022 Market Timing and Exit Choices of Venture‐Backed Firms: IPO v. Acquisition
Eric Ball, Oracle Corporation and Claremont Graduate University
Hsin-Hui Chiu, Chapman University
Richard Smith, University of California Riverside and Claremont Graduate University

2009-021 Private Information and Bargaining Power in Venture Capital Financing
Yrj ö Koskinen, Boston University (co-authored by Michael J. Rebello and Jun Wang)

2009-020 How does Venture Capital Financing Improve Efficiency in Private Firms? A Look Beneath the Surface
Thomas Chemmanur, Carroll School of Management, Boston College
Karthik Krishnan, College of Business, Northeastern University

2009-019 Does Angel Participation Matter? An Analysis of Early Venture Financing
Brent Goldfarb, Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland

2009-018 Entrepreneurship, Compensation and the Corporation
Henry Manne, George Mason University Law School

2009-017 Patenting by Entrepreneurs: An Empirical Study
Ted Sichelman, School of Law, University of California, Berkeley, University of San Diego
Stuart J. H. Graham, School of Law, University of California, Berkeley, Georgia Institute of Technology

2009-016 Who Has ‘The Right Stuff’? Human Capital, Entrepreneurship and Institutional Change in China
Charles E. Eesley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

2009-015 Entrepreneurship and Capital on American Indian Reservations: A Case for Rule of Law
Terry L. Anderson, PERC, and Hoover Institution
Dominic P. Parker, Montana State University

2009-014 Geography and the Structure of Venture Capital Financing
Xuan Tian, Kelley School of Business, Indiana University

2009-013 The Geography of Venture Capital Contracts
Ola Bengtsson, Cornell University
S. Abraham Ravid, Rutgers University and the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania

2009-012 Entrepreneurship Policy and Globalization
Robin Douhan, Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)

2009-011 Entrepreneurial Finance around the World: The Impact of the Business Environment on Financing Constraints
Larry W. Chavis, Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

2009-010 The Political Economy of Energy and Its Implications for Climate Change Legislation
Jim Rossi, Florida State University School of Law

2009-009 Combined Issues of Climate Policy and Energy Policy: Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions while Meeting Increasing Global Energy Demand
Daniel H. Cole, Indiana University School of Law

2009-008 Beneficial Complexity: A Field Experiment in Technology, Institutions, and Institutional Change in the Electric Power Industry
Lynne Kiesling, Department of Economics, Northwestern University
David Chassin, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

2009-007 The Challenges of Valuing Carbon
Rick Mattoon, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago
Margrethe Kearney, Latham & Watkins LLP

2009-006 Five Myths About Nanotechnology in the Current Public Policy Debate
Kimberly Gray, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University

2009-005 Hard to Nail Down: Emerging Science and the Reality of the Complete Unknown
Laurie Zoloth, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University

2009-004 Regulation in an Era of Accelerating Technology
John McGinnis, Northwestern University School of Law

2009-003 Public Acceptance and the Regulation of Emerging Technologies – The Role of Private Politics
Daniel Andreas Diermeier, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

2009-002 Framing, Motivated Reasoning, and Opinions about Emergent Technologies
James N. Druckman, Department of Political Science, Northwestern University

2009-001 When Less Liability May Mean More Precaution: The Case of Nanotechnology
David Dana, Northwestern University School of Law

2008

2008-117 An Institutional Theory of Public Contracts: Regulatory Implications
Pablo T. Spiller, Walter A. Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley

2008-116 Does Descriptive Race Representation Enhance Institutional Legitimacy? The Case of the U.S. Courts
Nancy Scherer, Department of Political Science, Wellesley College

2008-115 Did Disfranchisement Laws Help Elect President Bush? A Closer Look at the Characteristics and Preferences of Florida's Ex-Felons
Traci Burch, Department of Political Science, Northwestern University and American Bar Foundation

2008-114 Did a Switch in Time Save Nine?
Daniel E. Ho, Stanford Law School

2008-113 Direct Democracy and Public Choice
Elizabeth Garrett, USC Gould Law School

2008-112 Financial Innovation and the New Chapter 11
Douglas Baird, University of Chicago Law School

2008-111 Leverage and Pricing in Buyouts: An Empirical Analysis
Michael Weisbach, Department of Finance, The Ohio State University

2008-110 Reforming the Taxation and Regulation of Mutual Funds: A Comparative Legal and Economic Analysis
John Coates, Harvard Law School

2008-109 The Market for CEO Talent: Implications for CEO Compensation
Yaniv Grinstein, The Johnson School, Cornell University

2008-108 Corporate Voting vs. Market Price Setting
Yair Listokin, Yale Law School

2008-107 Contract Design and the Structure of Contractual Intent
Jody S. Kraus, University of Virginia

2008-106 Crime, Punishment, and Myopia
Justin McCrary, University of California, Berkeley, School of Law

2008-105 The Identity Commons
Richard Brooks, Yale Law School

2008-104 Elves or Trolls? The Role of Non-Practicing Patent Owners in the Innovation Economy
Damien Geradin, University of Tilburg, Law & Economics Center

2008-103 Innovation Policy and Friends of the Court: Intellectual Property Advocacy Before the U.S. Supreme Court
David Orozco, Michigan Technological University
James Conley, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

2008-102 Innovation by Monopsony
Reiko Aoki, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan

2008-101 Why Don't Inventors Patent?
Petra Moser, Department of Economics, Stanford University

2008-100 Is There a Market For Ideas?
Scott Stern, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

2008-099 Does Intellectual Property Protection Raise the Price or Increase Quantity?
Stan Liebowitz, School of Management, The University of Texas at Dallas

2008-098 What Gives You the Right? Consumption Data Access Rights and Retail Competition in the Electric Power Industry
Lynne Kiesling, Department of Economics, Northwestern University and Kellogg School of Management

2008-097 Demsetz Goes Digital: Innovation, Rent-Seeking, And Patent Law Reform
Robert Merges, University of California, Berkeley, School of Law

2008-096 Irrelevant Intellectual Property Angst
David Haddock, Northwestern University School of Law

2008-095 Culture and Entrepreneurship Law, Networks and Relationships
Olufunmilayo B. Arewa, Northwestern University School of Law

2008-094 Information Costs in Property, Intellectual Property, and Organizations
Henry E. Smith, Yale Law School

2008-093 Coercive Power and Distinct Trajectories of Market Development
Avner Greif, Department of Economics, Stanford University

2008-092 Intellectual Property Rights, the Industrial Revolution, and the Beginnings of Modern Economic Growth
Joel Mokyr, Northwestern University

2008-091 What is the Settlement Rate and Why Should We Care?
Theodore Eisenberg, Cornell Law School

2008-090 Bell Atlantic v. Twombly and the Future of Pleading in the Federal Courts: A Normative and Empirical Analysis
Lee Epstein, Northwestern University School of Law
Martin H. Redish, Northwestern University School of Law

2008-089 Growing Out of Trouble? Legal Liability and Corporate Responses to Adversity
Todd Gormley, Olin School of Business, Washington University in St. Louis
David A. Matsa, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

2008-088 Changes in the Demand for Physician Services Subsequent to Negligence: Volume and Composition Effects
David Dranove, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University
Yasutora Watanabe, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

2008-087 Does Medmal Reform Improve Access to Care in Under-Served Communities?
Jonathan Klick, University of Pennsylvania Law School and The RAND Corporation

2008-086 The Impact of Tort Reform on Employer Health Insurance Premiums
Ronen Avraham, Northwestern University School of Law
Leemore Dafny, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University
Max Schanzenbach, Northwestern University School of Law

2008-085 Judicial Ideology and the Transformation of Voting Rights Jurisprudence
Thomas J. Miles, University of Chicago Law School

2008-084 Huans Judging Humans: Attribution and Blame in Trial Judges
Jeffrey J. Rachlinski, Cornell Law School

2008-083 What Drives the Passage of Damage Caps?
Catherine Sharkey, New York University School of Law

2008-082 Comparing the Judicial Treatment of Noneconomic Compensatory Damages in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Ronald J. Allen, Northwestern University School of Law
Alexia Brunet, Northwestern University School of Law

2008-081 An Empirical Analysis of Post-Trial Settlement and Appeal
Seth Seabury, RAND Corporation

2008-080 Revisiting the Cost of Wrongful-Discharge Laws: The Role of Employer and Worker Expectations
Anup Malani, University of Chicago Law School

2008-079 The Political Evolution of Contract Law: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Promissory Estoppel
Emerson H. Tiller, Northwestern University School of Law
Jason Snyder, Anderson School of Management, UCLA

2008-078 The Screening Effect of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act
Adam C. Pritchard, University of Michigan Law School

2008-077 The End of Objector Blackmail?
Brian Fitzpatrick, Vanderbilt University Law School

2008-076 Is there a Flight from Arbitration?
Christopher R. Drahozal, University of Kansas School of Law

2008-075 Why ADR Programs Aren't More Appealing: An Empirical Perspective
Michael Heise, Cornell Law School

2008-074 Attorneys as Arbitrators
Stephen J. Choi, New York University School of Law

2008-073 Some Welfare Analytics of Aftermarkets
Joseph Farrell, University of California-Berkeley

2008-072 Addressing Endogenous Product Choice in an Empirical Analysis of Merger Effects
Michael J. Mazzeo, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

2008-071 Policy Timing under Uncertainty: Ex Ante versus Ex Post Merger Control
Marco Ottaviani, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University
Abraham L. Wickelgren, Northwestern University School of Law

2008-070 Boundedly Rational Bargaining in Option Demand Markets : An Empirical Application
David Dranove, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University
Mark Satterthwaite, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University
Andrew Sfekas, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

2008-069 Assessing the Anticompetitive Effects of Multiproduct Pricing
Patrick Greenlee, U.S. Department of Justice, Antitrust Division
Dennis W. Carlton, University of Chicago Graduate School of Business
Michael Waldman, Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University

2008-068 Appropriate Antitrust Policy Towards Single-Firm Conduct
Dennis W. Carlton, University of Chicago Graduate School of Business

2008-067 Paying a Premium on Your Premium? Consolidation in the U.S. Health Insurance Industry
Leemore Dafny, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University
Mark Duggan, University of Maryland and NBER
Subramaniam Ramanarayanan, University of California, at Los Angeles

2008-066 Antitrust Implications of Demand Accumulation
Igal Hendel, Northwestern University
Aviv Nevo, Northwestern University

2008-065 Antitrust Evaluation of Horizontal Mergers: An Economic Alternative to Market Definition
Joseph Farrell, University of California-Berkeley
Carl Shapiro, Department of Economics, University of California-Berkeley

2008-064 The Intrinsic Social Cost of Public Goods: Revising (Downward) the Optimal Size of Government
Martin Zelder, Northwestern University

2008-063 The Federal Trust Responsibility in the Age of Tribal Self Determination: Examining the Practical Ramifications of Federal Review of Tribal Economic Decisions in Indian Gaming in the Modern Era
Kevin K. Washburn, James E. Rogers College of Law, University of Arizona

2008-062 Global Warming, Biofuels, and Agriculture: Is Encouraging Corn-Based Ethanol Production in the United States a Bad Public Good?
Robert Thompson, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana

2008-061 Why Good Managers Do Bad Things: The Case of Superfund
Richard Stroup, Montana State University, North Carolina State University and PERC

2008-060 Disaster Relief as a Bad Public Good
William F. Shughart II, Department of Economics, University of Mississippi

2008-059 Competition in Higher Education: Does It Mitigate the “Quis Custodiet” Problem?
Jane Shaw, President, J.W. Pope Center for Higher Education Policy, and PERC

2008-058 Tragic Iterations: Terrorism and the Response to Terrorism
Clark McCauley, Bryn Mawr College

2008-057 The Bureau of Reclamation: Public Good Provider or Rent Transferring Agency?
P. J. Hill, Wheaton College and PERC

2008-056 CAFE – the Corporate Average Fuel Economy Mandate
David D. Haddock, Northwestern University School of Law (co-authored with Federico Boffa and Stefania Porporato)

2008-055 The History of U.S. Alternative Energy Development Programs: A Study of Government Failure
Peter Z. Grossman, Butler University College of Business Administration

2008-054 The Many Virtues of a Market In Transplant Organs
Lloyd Cohen, George Mason University School of Law

2008-053 Forest Policy Up in Smoke: Fire Suppression in the United States
Alison Berry, PERC

2008-052 The War On Drugs: A Public Bad
Bruce L. Benson, Department of Economics, Florida State University

2008-051 Legality and Venture Governance Around the World
Douglas Cumming, York University Schulich School of Business
Uwe Walz, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/ Main

2008-050 A Law and Economics Perspective on Entrepreneurship in China's Marketizing Economy
Linda Yueh, University of Oxford

2008-049 American Indian Entrepreneurs: Unique Challenges, Unlimited Potential
Robert J. Miller, Lewis & Clark Law School

2008-048 Group Status and Entrepreneurship
Simon C. Parker, Durham University
C. Mirjam van Praag, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam

2008-047 Relational Contract and Replaceability
Yuk-fai Fong, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University
Jin Li, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University
Peter Andrew Schnabl, Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute for Technology

2008-046 The Entrepreneurial Spawning of Scientists and Engineers: Stars, Slugs, and the Small Firm Effect
Daniel W. Elfenbein, Washington University in St. Louis

2008-045 Scarcity of Ideas and Options to Invest in R&D
Nisvan Erkal, Department of Economics, University of Melbourne

2008-044 Bureaucratic Start-Up Costs, Entrepreneurial Capital, and Sectoral Growth
Christian Fons-Rosen, London School of Economics

2008-043 Financial Development, Entrepreneurship, and Job Satisfaction
Milo Bianchi, Paris School of Economics

2008-042 Rent Seeking, Market Structure and Growth
Daniel Brou, Columbia University

2008-041 Schumpterian Law: Rethinking the Role of Law in Fostering Entrepreneurship
Viktor Mayer-Schönberger, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University

2008-040 The Effect of Litigation on Venture Capitalist Reputation
Vladimir Ivanov, University of Kansas School of Business

2008-039 Law and Entrepreneurial Opportunities
D. Gordon Smith, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University
Darian M. Ibrahim, James E. Rogers College of Law, University of Arizona

2008-038 Financing Start-Ups
Joaquin Poblete, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

2008-037 Venture Capital Exit Rights
Carsten Bienz, Department of Finance and Management, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration
Uwe Walz, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main

2008-036 Competition between Informed Venture Capitalists and Entrepreneurs' Fund-Raising Strategy
Carole Haritchabalet, Toulouse School of Economics

2008-035 Market Share Liability in Personal Injury and Public Nuisance Litigation: An Economic Analysis
George L. Priest, Yale Law School

2008-034 The Economics of Public Nuisance Law and the New Enforcement Actions
Keith N. Hylton, Boston University School of Law

2008-033 The Mismatch Between Public Nuisance Law and Global Warming
David A. Dana, Northwestern University School of Law

2008-032 Private Contingent Fee Lawyers and Public Power: Constitutional and Political Implications
Martin H. Redish, Northwestern University School of Law

2008-031 Optional Federal Chartering of Insurance: Design of a Regulatory Structure
Hal S. Scott, Harvard Law School

2008-030 A Single-License Approach to Regulating Insurance
Henry N. Butler, Northwestern University School of Law
Larry E. Ribstein, University of Illinois, College of Law

2008-029 The Impact of Tort Reform on Intensity of Treatment: Evidence from the Heart Patients
Ronen Avraham, Northwestern University School of Law
Max Schanzenbach, Northwestern University School of Law

2008-028 How Tort Reform Affects Insurance Markets
Martin F. Grace, Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University
J. Tyler Leverty, Henry B. Tippie College of Business-University of Iowa

2008-027 Tort Reform as Carrot-and-Stick
Lee A. Harris, University of Memphis Cecil C. Humphreys School of Law

2008-026 Influences on Organizational Form on Medical Malpractice Insurer Operations
Joan Schmit, Actuarial Science Risk Management and Insurance Department, University of Wisconsin
Yu Lei, Barney School of Business, University of Hartford

2008-025 Do Insurer Pricing Strategies Explain Medical Malpractice Liability Insurance Premium Fluctuations?: An Empirical Study at the Claim Level
Charles Silver, The University of Texas School of Law
Kathryn Zeiler, Georgetown Law Center

2008-024 Risk Retention Groups in Medical Malpractice Insurance: A Test of the Federal Chartering Option
M. Martin Boyer, Department of Finance, Université de Montréal
Patricia Born, Department of Finance, Real Estate & Insurance, California State University, Northridge

2008-023 Government Support for the Terrorism Insurance Industry: Where Do We Go From Here?
Jeffrey Ellis Thomas, University of Missouri-KC-School of Law
Thomas Russell, Santa Clara University, Leavey School of Business

2008-022 Regulating the Market for Terrorism Insurance
Alexia Brunet, Northwestern University School of Law

2008-021 A Simple Mechanism for Improving Insurance Regulation
Abraham L. Wickelgren, Northwestern University School of Law

2008-020 The Past and Future of Insurance Regulation: The McCarran-Ferguson Act and Beyond
Martin F. Grace, Department of Risk Management, Georgia State University
Robert W. Klein, J. Mack Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University

2008-019 Reinsurance: The Silent Regulator?
Aviva Abramovsky, Syracuse University College of Law

2008-018 Are Health Insurance Markets Competitive?
Leemore S. Dafny, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

2008-017 Rate Regulation, Uninsured Driving and the Cost of Automobile Accidents
Sharon Tennyson, Cornell University
Mary Weiss, Fox School of Business, Temple University

2008-016 The Fatal Flaw of Proposals to Federalize Insurance Regulation
Elizabeth F. Brown, University of St. Thomas School of Law

2008-015 Consumer Harm Acts? An Economic Analysis of State Consumer Protection Act (UPDATED 4/08/09)
Henry N. Butler, Northwestern University School of Law
Jason S. Johnston, University of Pennsylvania Law School

2008-014 Comparing Environmental and Technology Policies for Climate Mitigation and Renewable Energy
Carolyn Fischer, Resources for the Future, Washington, DC

2008-013 Was That Really Necessary? Some Implications of Trade Law for Alternative Energy
Andrew Green, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto

2008-012 Trade, Technology and the Environment: Why Do Poorer Countries Regulate Sooner?
David C. Popp, Maxwell School, Syracuse University

2008-011 Why Do States Adopt Renewable Portfolio Standards? An Empirical Investigation
Thomas P. Lyon, Stephen M. Ross School of Business and School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan

2008-010 Enabling Research or Unfair Competition? De Jure and De Facto Research Use Exceptions in Major Technology Countries
Sean O'Connor, University of Washington School of Law

2008-009 The Impact of Uncertain Intellectual Property Rights on the Market for Ideas: Evidence from Patent Grant Delays
Scott Stern, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

2008-008 Spectrum Policy Reform and the Next Frontier of Property Rights
Philip J. Weiser, University of Colorado Law School

2008-007 Incentives to Invent with Competition and Asymmetric Information
Daniel F. Spulber, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

2008-006 Transnational Forum Shopping as a Trade and Investment Issue
Alan O. Sykes, Stanford Law School

2008-005 Hold-up, Asset Ownership, and Reference Points
Oliver Hart, Department of Economics, Harvard University

2008-004 Beyond the Classroom: Using Title IX to Measure the Return to High School Sports
Betsey Stevenson, University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School

2008-003 When is a Willful Breach Willful?
Richard Craswell, Stanford Law School

2008-002 Are Health Insurance Markets Competitive?
Leemore S. Dafny, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

2008-001 The Hanging Chads of Corporate Voting
Edward B. Rock, University of Pennsylvania School of Law